Preparation of highly porous kaolin by thermal and acidic activation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18321/cpc443Keywords:
kaolin, acid and thermal activation, tetraethoxylane, specific surface areaAbstract
Kazakhstan kaolin is characterized by high chemical, thermal and mechanical stability, and is an environmentally safe and cheap domestic clay mineral. However, the specific surface area of natural kaolin does not exceed 17-20 m2/g and it is, therefore, advantageous to modify it to improve surface and adsorption characteristics. A method of producing a highly porous carrier based on Kazakhstan kaolin has been developed. Kaolin is previously acid activated with 10% phosphoric acid at 90-100 oC and further thermal modification
at 500 oC to increase specific surface area. To obtain highly porous kaolin, the Staubert method was used, which is based on the hydrolysis of silicon alkoxides in an aqueous-alcoholic medium. Kaolin samples, after acid modification, were treated with oligosilicate at a weight ratio of modified kaolin: organic polymer: tetraethoxysilane of 1:1:3 until a uniform mass was obtained, followed by thermoactivation at 550 oC. Polyethylene glycol in 4000 g/mol was used as the organic polymer for the tetraethoxysilane hydrolysis reaction. The specific surface area of the modified kaolin is increased from substantially 13,453 to 616,831
m2/g. The obtained composite material can be used as a platform for producing nanocatalysts in chemical technology, as a highly porous sorbent for concentrating, extracting and neutralizing toxic and radioactive metal ions from industrial wastewater, and as a carrier for medicinal substances in the pharmaceutical industry.
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