Problems and challenges of hydrogen energy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18321/cpc462Keywords:
hydrogen energy, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, conversion, synthesis gas.Abstract
To significantly reduce global CO2 emissions due to the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier, its production should reach at least 1 billion tons/ year. Such a volume of hydrogen cannot be obtained from renewable energy sources, hydropower, or nuclear power. Before the industrial development of thermonuclear fusion energy, the only real source of such a volume of hydrogen can only be the conversion of natural gas. Therefore, the most effective way to reduce the carbon footprint of the energy sector is to increase the efficiency of the use of hydrocarbons, including their conversioninto hydrogen. As an energy carrier, hydrogen has serious disadvantages: low volumetric energy content, high energy consumption for its production, liquefaction and compression, and high explosiveness. At the initial stage of the development of hydrogen energy, the most realistic way to overcome the complex problems of transporting and storing hydrogen is its dispersed low-tonnage production directly at the places of consumption.
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