HEAT PUMP OF WATER DESALINATION

Abstract

An energy efficient heat pump water desalinating installation which use heat of condensationevaporation processes in a heat pump to produce distilled water is proposed. The consumption of energy to drive the heat pump significantly lower than the energy consumption for production of distillate. The topic is bounded with justification and development of improved technologies and combined purification of natural water in conditions of increased anthropogenic loads on natural water sources, which is a priority in the field of water preparation for heat power engineering installations. The performed overview of current situation in technogenic zone of Aral Sea region illustrates a critical need of promotion of modern methods and technologies of water preparation. It is shown the current ways of water treatment, which are recommended by Classifyer of ground water purification and their disadavnatages with considerable operational cost. For instance, in membarne distillers, which are based on reverse osmosis, mineralized water is pumped through semipermeable membranes, which are made of cellulose acetate or polyamide tar. In this case energy consumption is lying in diaposone of 5-15 kWt h/м³. With increase of salinity the pumping pressure through membrane is increasing too as well as energy consumption. In the pressure range, when the operation of analyzed equipment is possible, the phase properties of water are preserved. The common disadvantage of these installations is high energy consumption for production of one unit of distillate. That is why a decrease of energy consumption in such installations is still an issue. In this article we present an energy efficient solution of existing problem of water dessalination with low power consumption in combined water treatment device. Technological complex scheme includes: block of preliminary purification in ultra-filtration module UFI; heat pump water desallinating device HPD (heat pump distiller), using evaporate-condensing processes for distillate production. The application is directed on provision of regeneration heat of water evaporation-condensation processes while receiving the distillat. Heat pump distiller in the comlpex of combined device is an evaporating distiller. Within it the generation and recuperation of heat of water phase trasnsformation is performed with reverse thermal dynamic cycle of heat pump. The reverse thermal dynamic cycle is performed with participation of the working medium of the heat pump, in this ceratin case it is R134A refrigerant. The techological schemes of proposed experimental installation is presented as well as schemes of water distillers: - ultrafiltartion module UFI: - heat pump distiller of water HPD. The received results of experimental research of reverse distillate quality indicators after water treatment installation are to prove it’s operationability and effectiveness for small power engineering and systems of heat supply. The complex shows an energy consumption decrease, allows to exclude the use of chemical reagents, the volumes of waste waters, to reduce considerably consumption of rinse water for own needs and cost of dessalination and purification of water, as well as cost on its warming.