Техносферная безопасность, нормирование плазменной газификации нефтесодержащих отходов: термодинамический и эксергетический анализ

М.К. Нұғман; Е.В. Нафикова; А.Н. Елизариев; В.Е. Мессерле; А.Б. Устименко; О.А. Лаврищев; И.И. Ахияров; З.А. Мансуров; К.А. Умбеткалиев; С.К. Танирбергенова; Н.К. Жылыбаева; Д.А. Тугелбаева

doi:10.18321/cpc24(1)69-85

Authors

M.K. Nugman Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave., 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan
E.V. Nafikova FSBEIoHE Ufa University of Science and Technology, Zaki Validi Str., 32, Ufa, Russia
A.N. Elizariev FSBEIoHE Ufa University of Science and Technology, Zaki Validi Str., 32, Ufa, Russia
V.E. Messerle Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave., 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Institute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbai Batyr Str., 172, Almaty, Kazakhstan
A.B. Ustimenko Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave., 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Institute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbai Batyr Str., 172, Almaty, Kazakhstan
O.A. Lavrichshev Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave., 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan
I.I. Akhiyarov FSBEIoHE Ufa University of Science and Technology, Zaki Validi Str., 32, Ufa, Russia
Z.A. Mansurov Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave., 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Institute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbai Batyr Str., 172, Almaty, Kazakhstan
K.A. Umbetkaliev Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave., 71, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Institute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbai Batyr Str., 172, Almaty, Kazakhstan
S.K. Tanirbergenova Institute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbai Batyr Str., 172, Almaty, Kazakhstan
N.K. Zhylybaeva Institute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbai Batyr Str., 172, Almaty, Kazakhstan
D.A. Tugelbaeva Institute of Combustion Problems, Bogenbai Batyr Str., 172, Almaty, Kazakhstan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18321/cpc24(1)69-85

Keywords:

plasma gasification, plasma reactor, oil-containing waste, oil sludge, standardization, thermodynamics, exergy, technosphere safety

Abstract

The accumulation of oil-containing waste (OCW) is one of the most pressing environmental problems, leading to a disruption of biodiversity, an imbalance in biocenoses, and changes in the chemical and structural properties of the soil, impairing natural regeneration and aeration, as well as causing the degradation of flora and fauna. A key challenge for the scientific community is the development of effective methods for OCW disposal, with an emphasis on rapid implementation and sustainable development. One promising approach is plasma gasification of OCW – a technology based on the use of plasma to decompose and utilize various types of waste. Compared to traditional waste disposal processes, plasma gasification is associated with high energy consumption and increased qualification requirements for personnel operating plasma equipment. Implementation of plasma technology requires further study and the development of regulatory regulations, norms, and standards in this area. This article examines aspects of technosphere safety and standardization of plasma gasification method for OCW, including occupational health and safety and environmental issues, as well as ways to minimize potential negative impacts. A thermodynamic and exergy analysis of OCW plasma gasification was performed. International regulatory documentation governing the use of plasma technologies for NSO utilization was analyzed. An algorithm for applying plasma technologies in OCW processing was developed. A technology for plasma utilization of mixed NSO from "fuel oil pits" was also tested in the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia). A schematic diagram of the NSO utilization process in a plasma reactor was developed, the necessary equipment was calculated, and the thermodynamic conditions for the plasma gasification of OCW were modeled using the TERRA code. Recommendations for standardizing plasma OCW utilization from an occupational health and safety and environmental perspective are presented.

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