Технологии хранения водорода: достижения, проблемы и перспективы развития
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18321/cpc23(3)215-232Ключевые слова:
хранение водорода, интерметаллиды, металлогидриды, нанопористый углерод, эффект «перетока» (spillover)Аннотация
Водород рассматривается как один из наиболее перспективных энергоресурсов XXI века благодаря экологической чистоте и потенциалу интеграции в устойчивую энергетику. Основным препятствием на пути его широкого внедрения остается отсутствие эффективных и безопасных технологий хранения. В данной работе представлен обзор современных методов хранения: в виде сжатого газа, жидкого водорода, в металлогидридах и наноструктурированных материалах. Рассмотрены преимущества и ограничения традиционных технологий, показана перспективность нанопористого углерода, включая материалы из биомассы, обладающего высокой удельной поверхностью и возможностью функциональной модификации. Приведены экспериментальные данные, демонстрирующие достижение емкости свыше 10 мас.% при оптимальных условиях. Обоснована необходимость комплексного подхода к развитию водородной энергетики, включающего совершенствование существующих систем и применение устойчивых технологий на основе возобновляемого сырья.Библиографические ссылки
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