Парциальное окисление метана в условиях адиабатического сжатия (обзор)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18321/cpc24(2)137-150Ключевые слова:
адиабатическое сжатие, химический реактор сжатия, парциальное окисление, метан, синтез газ, формальдегид, метанолАннотация
Адиабатическое сжатие газов свободным поршнем – метод газофазной кинетики для исследования термических реакций без влияния стенок реактора. В статье рассмотрены достоинства и особенности этого метода и применимость его в технологических процессах. В историческом контексте в статье представлены полученные в реакторе адиабатического сжатия экспериментальные результаты парциального окисления метановых смесей в синтез-газ и кислородсодержащие органические вещества. Некаталитическая конверсия метана в синтез-газ исследована в лабораторном масштабе и испытана на укрупненных установках (химических реакторах сжатия) и признана перспективной для практического использования. Также показано, что при использовании адиабатического сжатия не представляется возможным получить практически значимые выходы формальдегида и метанола. Установлено, что при сжатии богатых смесей метана воспламенение происходит в узком интервале степеней сжатия, степень превращения метана и кислорода при этом резко возрастают. При адиабатическом сжатии модельных смесей биогаза рассмотрено влияние добавок СО2 на парциальное окисление метана. Установлено, что наличие СО2 в исходной смеси приводит к затруднению воспламенения, снижению степени превращения метана и кислорода. Для СО2 установлено наличие трех режимов в зависимости от степени сжатия и, соответственно, температуры: увеличение его содержания относительно начального уровня при парциальном окислении без воспламенения; увеличение его содержания при воспламенении; уменьшение содержания при воспламенении. Показано, что при парциальном окислении биогаза можно получить синтез-газ с отношением Н2/СО ≈ 1.
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