Сравнительное исследование выщелачивания скандия из золы угля минеральными и органическими кислотами
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18321/cpc23(3)299-309Ключевые слова:
золошлак, выщелачивание, скандий, лимонная кислотаАннотация
Скандий (Sc) является стратегически важным элементом, востребованным в производстве высокопрочных сплавов и энергетических технологий, однако его извлечение из вторичных источников, таких как золошлаки, остается затруднительным из-за низких концентраций и прочной связи с упорными алюмосиликатами. В данной работе исследовано поведение скандия при выщелачивании из золошлака с использованием минеральных (HCl, H2SO4) и органических (лимонная, яблочная, щавелевая, винная) кислот в идентичных условиях (80 °C, 0,5 M, твердое:жидкое = 1:20). Минеральные кислоты обеспечили наивысшие степени извлечения (82-90%), но показали низкую селективность из-за интенсивного сопутствующего растворения Fe и Al. Среди органических кислот наилучший баланс между эффективностью и селективностью показала лимонная кислота, достигнув до 68% извлечения Sc при растворении Fe и Al менее 26%. Полный факторный эксперимент с варьированием концентрации лимонной кислоты (0,1-1,0 M) и плотности пульпы (25-100 г/л) выявил возможность регулирования как эффективности, так и селективности; в оптимальных условиях (0,5 M, 25 г/л) достигнуто 64% извлечения Sc при коэффициентах селективности Sc/Fe = 6,40 и Sc/Al = 3,76.
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