Способы синтеза MXenes из MAX-фаз: сравнительный обзор методов травления и их применения
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18321/cpc23(3)253-271Ключевые слова:
MXene, MAX-фаза, методы травления, безфтористый синтез, устройства накопления энергии, катализАннотация
MXene ─ это класс двумерных (2D) материалов, представляющих собой карбиды, нитриды и карбонитриды переходных металлов. Благодаря высокой электрической проводимости, гидрофильности и возможности тонкой настройки поверхностного химического состава эти материалы привлекают широкое внимание. Обычно MXene получают из слоистых тройных прекурсоров, известных как MAX-фазы, с общей формулой Mn+1AXn, где: M ─ ранний переходный металл; A ─ элемент 13-й или 14-й группы; X ─ углерод и/или азот. Переход от MAX к MXene осуществляется посредством селективного удаления A-слоя. Выбор целесообразной стратегии синтеза и травления играет ключевую роль в определении структуры и функциональных свойств получаемого материала. В данном обзоре представлен всесторонний анализ последних достижений в области синтеза MAX-фаз и производства MXene-материалов. Особое внимание уделено методам травления ─ таким как обработка фтористоводородной кислотой (HF), in situ HF (LiF + HCl), плавлеными солями и электрохимическим подходам ─ и их влиянию на морфологию, поверхностные функциональные группы и свойства MXene. В результате сравнительного анализа выявлены преимущества и ограничения каждого метода с точки зрения безопасности, масштабируемости и качества конечного продукта. В обзоре также обозначены актуальные проблемы, включая необходимость разработки фторсвободных и экологически безопасных методов травления, а также важность управления поверхностными окончаниями. В заключение даны рекомендации по направлению будущих исследований с целью адаптации методов синтеза MXene для применения в системах хранения энергии нового поколения, катализе, очистке окружающей среды и электронике.
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