Плазменные технологии в проблеме получения «более чем зеленого водорода»
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18321/cpc478Ключевые слова:
углеродсодержащие отходы, получение водорода, синтез-газ, плазменно-парокислородная газификация, иловые осадки станций водоочистки, резиновое крошево изношенных шинАннотация
Среди огневых методов переработки различных углеродсодержащих отходов в настоящем наиболее распространены высокотемпературные технологии их газификации с образованием водорода в продуктах газификации. С точки зрения перспектив декарбонизации секторов экономики результат применения таких технологий является углеродно-отрицательным, поскольку в противном случае отходы будут гнить на свалках и выделять в течение 20 лет метан – парниковый газ, который в 20 раз активнее углекислого газа с точки зрения климатических изменений. Таким образом, вклад углерода определяется как отрицательный в эквиваленте 188 кг углекислого газа на МДж по сравнению с 20 кг для водорода, получаемого с угля, и нулем для стандартного зеленого водорода. Это позволило авторам отдельных разработок отнести получаемый из отходов водород к более зеленому, чем зеленый. На примерах газификации донных илов и резинового крошева изношенных шин обсуждаются перспективы применения плазменных технологий для получения водорода применительно к задачам водородной энергетики с точки зрения их энергетической эффективности. Выполнен анализ существующих эмпирических зависимостей для определения теплофизических характеристик широкого спектра горючих веществ и выбраны наиболее приемлемые из них для тех видов углеродсодержащего сырья, которое подвергалось газификации в настоящей работе.
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